[8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. Italy's Mussolini. The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. List of 19 Main Pros and Cons of Dictatorships - ConnectUS [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. What is a Dictatorship? Definition, Feature & Characteristics Duterte is the perfect example of a . Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. Functioning of government: 3.57. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." 10 Absolute Worst African Dictators - Afrikanza The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. List of Famous Dictators - Ranker - Lists About Everything Voted On By [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. 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[127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. Key dictators from 20th century Latin America The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. [8]:456. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) Cuba - Dictatorship 5. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). 3. Military dictatorships are controlled by military officers, one-party dictatorships are controlled by the leadership of a political party, and personalist dictatorships are controlled by a single individual. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. 31 Synonyms & Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP - Merriam-Webster Many others developed following a period of warlordism. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. List Of Communist Countries Today - WorldAtlas Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Top 10 Dictatorship Countries - The Borgen Project The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished.