Since the COVID-19 outbreak first began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, intense global efforts to rapidly develop effective vaccines against the causative agent SARS-CoV-2 have led to the emergency use authorization of several vaccines. Dr. Marty talk about the FDA's approval of a new RSV vaccine for adults and whether or not she agrees on the most likely cause of COVID-19. CDC analyzed reports to theVaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) to search for any side effects that might have been caused by the irregularity, and found none. Pfizers plant managers told investigators they knew they had either bacteria or mold throughout the facility at various times of the year. Several journalists including from the BMJ and academics worldwide were sent copies of the leaks. At $30.47 a dose, it's a . Pfizers emergency use authorization letter for its mRNA vaccine includes safeguards, such as quarterly reports to the FDA and a quality analysis from the company for each manufactured drug lot at least 48 hours before it is distributed. The Pfizer coronavirus vaccine was first authorized for use in people16 years and older under the FDA's Emergency Use Authorization in December. Photo (c) janiecbros - Getty Images A COVID-19 variant that originated in Brazil and has now landed in five U.S. states can be neutralized by Pfizer's vaccine, according to a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine.. Health officials recently warned that the Brazilian strain, known as the P.1 variant, is more contagious than the prevailing COVID-19 strain and has the ability . Have questions? The cause of the poorer quality was unknown and the impact on safety and efficacy of the vaccine was 'yet to be defined', the email said. The FDA rarely issues a recall, and if safety is a concern, the recall is immediate. Why would a vaccine, or certain batches of a vaccine, be withdrawn or recalled? with these terms and conditions. EXCLUSIVE: Florence Pugh's father is threatened with 2,500 fine as he goes to war with council over Oxford Are YOU a romantic comedy buff? In 2019, when CEO Albert Bourla took the helm at Pfizer, he told analysts it would be another hard year for U.S. hospitals to get their hands on sterile injectables because of ongoing work at the McPherson plant. 2023 Kaiser Family Foundation. 10 PM ET: Deadly train collision, Pfizer's RSV vaccine, Nissan recall He added: 'For small, low molecular weight products, the active pharmaceutical ingredient integrity is typically close to 100 per cent. News-Medical. Subscribe to KHN's free Morning Briefing. The interval recommendations for Johnson & Johnson (two months) and . This news article was a review of a preliminary scientific report that had not undergone peer-review at the time of publication. That person will still be vulnerable to Covid-19. 0. If this is then injected into a person, it will not work properly, the body will not make the spike protein and there will be no immune response. Would you like email updates of new search results? (a) Posterior chest wall treatment plan (Patient 1). Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines establish recall COVID-19 Vaccination - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The results were compared with the immune responses observed in three convalescent individuals who had experienced asymptomatic or mild infection. When a vaccine recall is due to low vaccine potency or strength, vaccines from the lot might not produce an immune response that is strong enough to protect against disease. I agreeThis needs to be translated into something legible! Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccines | CDC Since then, the coronavirus pandemic has taken a toll on the FDAs ability to inspect plants, according to a recent report from the U.S. Government Accountability Office. A two-dose primary series for individuals 5 years of age and older. Epub 2022 Oct 19. These antibodies were detected as early as two weeks following a first vaccine dose, with levels increasing several-fold after a second dose. How Pfizer Won the Pandemic, Reaping Outsize Profit and Influence CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. 'All the topics that emerged during the procedure have been discussed transparently with the agency, in accordance to the normal practices, and all questions have been duly addressed during the review process. The leaks raise questions about the quality of other mRNA vaccines, including Moderna's jab which is already being rolled out in the US and will be shipped to Britain sometime in the coming weeks. Please note that medical information found
The FDA did not respond to specific questions. 'EMA is conducting a full investigation into the cyberattack on its systems. Photo recall effect in association with cefazolin. Get a COVID-19 vaccine and you'll be counseled to keep wearing a mask and keep staying away from other people. John Godshalk, a former FDA investigator who worked on vaccines, said a VAI is one of the most common inspection ratings given. Large clinical trials have found Pfizers vaccine to be safe and 95% effective against covid. Both infection and vaccination induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! (a) Anterior chest wall treatment plan (Patient 2). Also, information on vaccines that have been recalled in the past few years is available at FDAs Recalled Vaccinesexternal iconpage. (December 8, 2022), 2019COVID-192019 511 They added: 'Following the initial disclosure of a data breach that occurred at EMA, some documents relating to the EMA's rolling review of the Pfizer/BNT vaccine clinical program have been found on the internet. FDA requires vaccination providers to report vaccine administration errors, serious adverse events, cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and cases of COVID-19 that result in hospitalization or death after administration of COVID-19 vaccine under an EUA. If passed in its current form, HB 154 would take effect in the state on July 1, 2023, according . The EMA, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that specific information on criteria is confidential. The 1970s-era manufacturing site has had persistent mold concerns over the years and been the focus of at least four intense FDA inspections since Pfizer took over its operations in late 2015, when it acquired Hospira. You can review and change the way we collect information below. To preserve Pfizer's vaccine, it needs to be stored at super-low temperatures of about -70C (-94F) and kept in dark glass vials to shield it from light. The same year, John Young, who was a group president at Pfizer, told investors the company had submitted a corrective and preventative action plan for the facility. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, COVID-19-Related Guidance Documents for Industry, FDA Staff, and Other Stakeholders, Informacin sobre las vacunas para el COVID-19, FAQ for Comirnaty (COVID-19 Vaccine mRNA), Frequently Asked Questions on the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, HOJA INFORMATIVA PARA RECEPTORES Y CUIDADORES SOBRE LA VACUNA CONTRA EL COVID-19 DE PFIZER-BIONTECH PARA PREVENIR LA ENFERMEDAD DEL CORONAVIRUS 2019 (COVID-19) PARA USO EN NIOS DE 6 MESES A 4 AOS, 6 4 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19 , 6 4 2019 (COVID-19) - COVID-19 , FACT SHEET PARA SA MGA TATANGGAP AT MGA NAG-AALAGA TUNGKOL SA BAKUNANG PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 UPANG MAIWASAN ANG CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PARA SA PAGGAMIT SA MGA INDIBIDWAL 6 NA BUWAN HANGGANG 4 NA TAONG GULANG, PHIU THC T DNH CHO NGI NHN V NGI CHM SC V THUC CHA BNH PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 PHNG NGA BNH HI LO HA 2019 (COVID-19) S DNG CHO C NHN 6 THNG QUA 4 TUI, HOJA INFORMATIVA DE VACUNAS PARA RECEPTORES Y CUIDADORES SOBRE LA VACUNA DE PFIZER-BIONTECH CONTRA EL COVID-19 PARA PREVENIR LA ENFERMEDAD DEL CORONAVIRUS 2019 (COVID-19) PARA USO EN PERSONAS DE 5 A 11 AOS, 2019COVID-192019 511, 5 11 2019 (COVID-19) (PFIZER)- (BIONTECH) -19 , BAKUNA IMPORMASYON FACT SHEET PARA SA MGA TUMANGGAP AT MGA TAGAPAG-ALAGA TUNGKOL SA PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 BAKUNA UPANG MAIWASAN ANG CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PARA SA PAGGAMIT SA MGA INDIBIDWAL 5 HANGGANG 11 TAONG GULANG, BNG THNG TIN V VC XIN DNH CHO NGI NHN V NGI CHM SC V VC XIN PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 NHM PHNG NGA BNH CORONAVIRUS 2019 (COVID-19) S DNG CHO C NHN T 5 TI 11 TUI, HOJA INFORMATIVA DE VACUNAS PARA RECEPTORES Y CUIDADORES SOBRE COMIRNATY (VACUNA DE ARNm CONTRA EL COVID-19) Y LA VACUNA DE PFIZER-BIONTECH CONTRA EL COVID-19 PARA PREVENIR LA ENFERMEDAD DEL CORONAVIRUS 2019 (COVID-19) PARA USO EN PERSONAS DE 12 AOS O MS, (2019)-BioNTech20192019, 2019 (COVID-19) (-19 , RNA) (PFIZER)- (BIONTECH) -19 , FACT SHEET NG IMPORMASYON SA BAKUNA PARA SA MGA TANGGAP AT CAREGIVERS TUNGKOL SA COMIRNATY (COVID-19 VACCINE, mRNA)AT BAKUNA NA PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 UPANG MAIWASAN ANG CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19), T D KIN THNG TIN V VC XIN DNH CHO NGI NHN V NGI CHM SC V COMIRNATY (VC XIN COVID-19, mRNA)V VC XIN PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 PHNG NGA BNH CORONAVIRUS 2019 (COVID-19), 6 months through 4 years, maroon cap (must dilute), 5 years through 11 years of age, orange cap (must dilute), 12 years of age and older, purple cap (must dilute), 12 years of age and older, gray cap (no dilution), Change in Third Dose of 3-Dose Primary Series. Radiation Recall Phenomenon Following COVID-19 Vaccination. According to one of the leaked emails dated November 25, an EMA official said: 'The latest lots indicate that % intact RNA are back at around 70-75 per cent, which leaves us cautiously optimistic that additional data could address the issue.'. In the end, he expressed discontent with several of the 2020 observations made by investigators and repeatedly sought clarifications., Sarah Jane Tribble: What You Need to Know. Does COVID-19 accelerate the worsening of clinical disabilities in multiple sclerosis patients? -, D'Angio G.J., Farber S., Maddock Cl. Now, Samsung has signed a $183 million deal . The vaccine has been known as the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, and the approved vaccine is marketed as Comirnaty, for the prevention of COVID-19 in individuals 12 years of age and older. analyse site usage and support us in providing free open access scientific content. Pfizer's BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine was the first vaccine against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) approved for distribution in the United States. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. FDA panel narrowly backs Pfizer RSV vaccine for older adults Epub 2022 Aug 14. The manufacturer contacts vaccine distributors and healthcare facilities who might have purchased the vaccine to inform them of the suspected problem. Any time such an irregularity is found in a vaccine lot which could make it unsafe, the manufacturer, in collaboration with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), will recall it immediately. The team used single-cell RNA sequencing and functional assays to assess humoral (antibody) and cellular responses to two doses of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna mRNA vaccine (14 days following a second dose) in four individuals. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has provisionally approved the Comirnaty (Pfizer) vaccine for children aged 5 years and over . "Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines establish recall responses to reinfection". Is the advantage conferred by the heterologous regimen conserved after a booster dose of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine? 2022 Nov-Dec;7(6):101048. doi: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.101048. It also noted a lack of employee training, employees not following procedures, obstructed surfaces and in-house testing that did not guarantee drugs met standards. Pfizer also declined to comment on what percentage of mRNA integrity it is aiming for, nor would it say what may have caused quality dips in certain batches. A panel of outside advisers to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) narrowly voted in favor of the country's first RSV vaccine for older adults, paving the way forward for the shot to be approved by the full agency. However, natural infection induced the expansion of larger CD8 T cell clones, including distinct clusters. The FDA assigned Pfizers McPherson facility a VAI rating in January 2020 and company executives were so pleased they reported in their third-quarter financial filing that the agency had upgraded the plant. Whenever a vaccine lot is to be recalled, FDAs role is to oversee a manufacturers strategy and help ensure the recall goes well. In both cases however, the RRP presented within days of the patient receiving the second dose of vaccine. Importantly, the team observed a modest expansion of plasmablasts and a significant increase in spike-specific B cells just two weeks following a second vaccine dose, indicating the establishment of durable memory and potential recall responses to infection. Vaccinating children can help protect children from getting seriously ill or dying from COVID-19. News-Medical, viewed 04 March 2023, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210718/Pfizer-BioNTech-and-Moderna-COVID-19-vaccines-establish-recall-responses-to-reinfection.aspx. Pfizer Issues a Voluntary Nationwide Recall for Twelve Lots of CHANTIX Mar 1, 2023. Jan 04, 2022 - 03:11 PM. The Food and Drug Administration's independent advisors on Tuesday recommended Pfizer's RSV vaccine for adults ages 60 and older, despite safety concerns after two people who received the shot developed a rare neurological disorder. 'It's important to note that each batch of vaccines is tested by the official medicinal control laboratory (OMCL) the Paul-Ehrlich Institute in Germany before final product release. Pfizer inks $183M contract manufacturing deal with Samsung Biologics. Revealed: The new '23' number plates the DVLA deems offensive and has banned including EU23 OFF and GO23 HEL. Since then, the coronavirus pandemic has taken a toll on the FDAs ability to inspect plants, according to a recent report from the U.S. Government Accountability Office. (December 8, 2022), BNG THNG TIN V VC XIN DNH CHO NGI NHN V NGI CHM SC V VC XIN PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 NHM PHNG NGA BNH CORONAVIRUS 2019 (COVID-19) S DNG CHO C NHN T 5 TI 11 TUI No other systemic grade 4 reactions were reported. A U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) panel of advisers narrowly voted on Tuesday to recommend Pfizer's respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for older people over age 60. Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines establish recall responses to reinfection. A study funded by Pfizer and German vaccine maker BioNTech published in the New England Journal of Medicine on Dec. 10, 2020, a day before the Food and Drug Administration gave Pfizer's COVID-19 . -. Does a negative COVID-19 test before air travel reduce the spread of COVID-19 transmission during and after travel? Med Lett Drugs Ther. Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine neutralizes Brazilian variant, study finds The McPherson, Kansas, facility, which FDA inspectors wrote is the nations largest manufacturer of sterile injectable controlled substances, has a long, troubled history. In many cases, the person who is vaccinated will not need to do anything after a vaccine is recalled. John Avellanet, an FDA compliance expert and principal at Cerulean Associates, reviewed the 2020 inspection reports. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2022;11(4):252-262. doi: 10.1007/s13671-022-00374-5. Pfizer's Newest Vaccine Plant Has Persistent Mold Issues, History of Bookshelf 2022 Nov 16;14(22):5630. doi: 10.3390/cancers14225630. The FDA did not respond to specific questions. Lumbar spine treatment planoblique fields (Patient 2). The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). I've had enough of life': Grandmother, 86, is reduced to tears after killjoy Tory Connor Boyd Assistant Health Editor For Mailonline, Do not sell or share my personal information, Cause of the poorer quality was unknown, but Pfizer vaccine prone to spoiling, Details leakedfollowing a cyber attack on the EU regulator in December. If not stored or transported properly the mRNA can be damaged by other molecules in the environment, including light and temperature. The EMA found just 55 per cent of the mRNA in the vaccines shipped to the EU were stable and intact, compared to 78 per cent in Pfizer's studies. Light, as well as temperature, can give the mRNA molecule energy, also speeding up the already fast process of decay. The companies have developed specially designed, temperature-controlled thermal shippers utilizing dry ice to maintain temperature conditions of -70C10C. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Dr. Aileen Marty, Infectious Disease Specialist and Professor at Florida International University, joins Bob Sirott to talk about the latest health news. It's unclear if similar quality issues were raised in the UK, where the Pfizer jab is one of two vaccines that has been rolled out to 23million Brits already. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE - NEW YORK, NY., April 22,2022. The documents were leaked to the British Medical Journal (BMJ) following a cyber attack on the EU regulator in December. Himed S, Gray A, Awethe Z, Libson K, Kaffenberger BH, Korman AM, Trinidad JCL. Pfizer and BioNTech on Friday said they were delaying their request for the Food and Drug Administration to authorize their Covid-19 . Before January 2020, the McPherson plant appears to have been operating with the more severe OAI rating since its 2018 inspection, according to FDA reports. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. See this image and copyright information in PMC. This came after testing that involved more than . Find out more information on COVID-19 vaccines and children. The honeytrap plot that left father-of-six dead: Moment two women lead victim into his flat to seduce him 'Sonic boom' is heard across central England as 'ground shakes' and houses are rocked. Gilead spokesperson Arran Attridge wrote in an email that Gilead evaluates our manufacturing partners facilities to make sure they follow regulations. How Matt Hancock and Priti Patel shared stories of heavy-handed police ANDREW NEIL: What's REALLY going on in Boris Johnson's head - and why I'd advise Rishi Sunak to sleep with JANET STREET-PORTER: You're not a teenager, Mr Hancock. The company announced a nationwide recall Monday and said it was pulling six lots of its Accuretic tablets. Findings from clinical trials indicated that a 95% maximal protection is achieved within 1 to 2 months following the second dose of either vaccine, including protection against several circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Pfizer is voluntarily recalling five (5) lots of Accupril (Quinapril HCl) tablets distributed by Pfizer to the patient (consumer/user) level due to the presence of a nitrosamine, Nnitroso . It is unclear what oversight Pfizers McPherson facility has had in the past year. Inside Matt Hancock's 41-hour battle to save his career when photo of 'a snog and heavy petting' with aide 'Arrested at the airport? Pfizer shut down McPhersons manufacturing in December 2017 even though the FDA had visited two months earlier and improved the facilitys inspection rating. While the reason behind the poorer quality of vaccines sent to the EU is unclear, Pfizer's jab is made from extremely volatile genetic material known as messenger RNA (mRNA), which at the time meant it had to be kept at -70C. FDA Panel Backs Pfizer RSV Vaccine for Older Americans While not speaking directly about the Pfizer plant, Fuson said the FDA lacks the resources to do all the inspections we might like it to do.. The facilitys record of recalls and field alerts include vials of medication that contained glass and cardboard particles and, as one customer complained, a small insect or speck of dust., A 2017 FDA warning letter which is a strong rebuke for the agency said the contaminants such as cardboard and glass found in vials posed a severe risk of harm to patients and indicated that the facilitys process for manufacturing sterile injectable products was out of control.. In a Jan. 17, 2020, establishment inspection report obtained by KHN, one of three FDA experts who visited wrote that Pfizer said it addressed problems and added more cleaning activities in response to mold after a 2018 inspection and yet, there are still unexplained discrepancies.. One proven method isextremely cold temperatures, which stops all movement and reactions and prevents any form of decomposition of the mRNA. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. By clicking "Allow All" you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation,
It also noted a lack of employee training, employees not following procedures, obstructed surfaces and in-house testing that did not guarantee drugs met standards. The secret WhatsApp mode that lets you EDIT texts after you've sent them. Let us know at KHNHelp@kff.org, Hospital Investigated for Allegedly Denying an Emergency Abortion After Patient's Water Broke, Medicare Fines for High Hospital Readmissions Drop, but Nearly 2,300 Facilities Are Still Penalized, This Open Enrollment Season, Look Out for Health Insurance That Seems Too Good to Be True, What Looks Like Pot, Acts Like Pot, but Is Legal Nearly Everywhere? It is unclear whether FDA investigators have returned to check on production practices in McPherson or plan to visit before vaccine production begins. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing showed a reduction in IgA+ memory B cells following vaccination, a finding that has recently been described for convalescent individuals. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal 2001;59:237245. This is a good review of the findings. Friday, January 27, 2023 - 08:00pm. Moderna recalls vaccine batch after foreign substance found in CDMO Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. 2021 Nov 1;111(3):835-836. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.06.023. Pfizer's Covid-19 Vaccine Announcement, Explained - Yahoo! Vaccine recalls or withdrawals are almost always initiated voluntarily by the vaccine manufacturer. ; CDC recommends everyone ages 6 months and older get vaccinated as soon as possible to protect against COVID-19 and its potentially severe complications. The 12 questions you NEED to ask before moving in with your partner, according to a relationship expert. Scientists say mRNA vaccines are cheaper to make and easier to modify in the face of new variants or viruses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention today announced a pair of changes to its recommendations regarding Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine. Pfizer, the pharmaceutical company behind one of the COVID-19 vaccines, recalled certain lots of its high blood pressure medication for containing high levels of nitrosamines, which can lead to increased cancer risk. Cancer Patients and the COVID-19 Vaccines: Considerations and Challenges. Pfizer recalls some high blood pressure drugs over possible cancer risk The breakthrough jab shown to be 95 per cent effective at blocking Covid-19 was the first vaccine against the virus in the world to seal approval when Britain gave it the green light in December. Pfizer recalls some high blood pressure medication over possible cancer The emails were part of more than40 megabytes of classified information from the agency's review that were published on the dark web following the cyber attack. The vaccine has been known as the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, and the approved vaccine is marketed as Comirnaty, for the prevention of COVID-19 in individuals 12 years of age and older. Pfizer vaccine for coronavirus: Efficacy, side - Medical News Today Pfizer's Newest Vaccine Plant Has Persistent Mold Issues, History of Pfizer is voluntarily recalling Accuretic (quinapril HCl/hydrochlorothiazide) tablets distributed by Pfizer as well as two authorized generics distributed by Greenstone (quinapril and hydrochlorothiazide and quinapril HCl/ hydrochlorothiazide) to the patient (consumer/user) level due to the presence of a nitrosamine, N-nitroso-quinapril . Kasi Morales, executive director of McPherson Industrial Development Co., said the facility is the largest employer in the industrial town about an hour north of Wichita, Kansas, and not far from Interstate 70, a major east-west thoroughfare across the country. (December 8, 2022), FACT SHEET PARA SA MGA TATANGGAP AT MGA NAG-AALAGA TUNGKOL SA BAKUNANG PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 UPANG MAIWASAN ANG CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PARA SA PAGGAMIT SA MGA INDIBIDWAL 6 NA BUWAN HANGGANG 4 NA TAONG GULANG (December 8, 2022), PHIU THC T DNH CHO NGI NHN V NGI CHM SC V THUC CHA BNH PFIZER-BIONTECH COVID-19 PHNG NGA BNH HI LO HA 2019 (COVID-19) S DNG CHO C NHN 6 THNG QUA 4 TUI Camidge R., Price A. Characterizing the phenomenon of radiation recall dermatitis. -, Garza L.A., Yoo E.K., Junkins-Hopkins J.M., et al. Meet Hemp-Derived Delta-9 THC. Before That is the same language used after the January 2020 inspection, which said there were contamination concerns for the site but not in the medicines. A pre-print version of the research paper is available on the bioRxiv* server, while the article undergoes peer review. (December 8, 2022), 6 4 2019 (COVID-19) - COVID-19 It added: 'Whilst individual emails are authentic, data from different users were selected and aggregated, screenshots from multiple folders and mailboxes have been created, and additional titles were added by the perpetrators.'.
Who Is Running For Governor Of Nebraska 2022,
Yocan Evolve Plus Xl Battery Charge Time,
Eastern Suburban Conference Wisconsin,
Western Sydney Wanderers U13,
Xps My Pension Login,
Articles P