An official website of the United States government. List of U.S. cities with large Black populations, Slavery in the colonial history of the United States, Historically black colleges and universities, Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, National Black Caucus of State Legislators, Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, List of U.S. states by African-American population, List of U.S. counties with African-American majority populations, List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations, List of U.S. communities with African American majority populations, History of African Americans in Baltimore, History of African Americans in Dallas-Ft. Worth, History of African Americans in Jacksonville, History of African Americans in Philadelphia, History of African Americans in San Antonio, List of U.S. cities with large Hispanic populations, List of United States cities by percentage of white population, Lists of U.S. cities with large ethnic population, Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL), Black players in professional American football, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations&oldid=1138677270, Lists of United States populated places by ethnic group, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 00:02. The Old Line State added more than 400,000 people from 2010 to 2020, raising its population to 6,177,224. The vintage year (e.g., V2022) refers to the final year of the series (2020 thru 2022). We use data, analytics, and a sense of humor to determine the dirt on places across the country. Georgias black population is 31.1%, which is almost 1% higher than it was 10 years ago. Public Law 94-171 requires the Census to provide state legislatures with the small area census population tabulations necessary for legislative redistricting. Housing units (up 6.7%) and vacancies (down to 9.7%). It includes people who indicate their race as "Black or AfricanAmerican," or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian. Local Population Changes and Nations Racial and Ethnic Diversity. CoffeyvilleOverall SnackAbility3/10Population: 9,032% African American: 9.94%# Of African American Residents: 898Percent Change Since 2010: -29.24%More on Coffeyville: Real Estate|Data|PhotosSource: Wikipedia User City of Coffeyville | CC BY-SA 4.09. Next 10 CitiesMethodology: How We Determined The Cities In Kansas With The Largest Black Population For 2023We still believe in the accuracy of data -- especially from the census. For more information, please visit the 2021 5-year ACS Comparison Guidance page.
Facts About the U.S. Black Population | Pew Research Center Data.census.gov, Census Data API, and Census Search will be unavailable due to scheduled maintenance from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. As most scholars and historians agree, an increase in the diversity in America is a good thing. It includes people who indicate their race as "White"or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian. If you're curious enough, here are the least African American places in Kansas: Chris Kolmar has been in the real estate business for almost ten years now. Population Estimates, July 1 2022, (V2022), Population Estimates, July 1 2021, (V2021), Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2022), Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2021), Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2022, (V2022), Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2021, (V2021), American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent, White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent, Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2017-2021, Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2017-2021, Median selected monthly owner costs -with a mortgage, 2017-2021, Median selected monthly owner costs -without a mortgage, 2017-2021, Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2017-2021, Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021, Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021, Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2017-2021, High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2017-2021, Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2017-2021, With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2017-2021, Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent, In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021, In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021, Total accommodation and food services sales, 2017 ($1,000), Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2017 ($1,000), Total transportation and warehousing receipts/revenue, 2017 ($1,000), Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2017-2021, Median household income (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021, Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021, Total employment, percent change, 2019-2020, Men-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Women-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Minority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Nonminority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Veteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Nonveteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017. Protecting the Confidentiality of 2020 Census Redistricting Data. Read on for more information on how the cities in Kansas ranked by population of African American residents or, for a more general take on diversity in America, head over to our ranking of the most diverse cities in America.
Improved Race, Ethnicity Measures Show U.S. is More Multiracial The Golden States population was 39,538,223 in 2020, a 6.1% increase since 2010 but slower than its 10% gain in the previous decade. Out of the 19 majority-Black cities, four were in Georgia and Louisiana and Alabama had three each. This was the last Census during slavery. At the time of the 2020 Census, there were 47.5 million Americans who were Black (either alone or in combination), making up 14.2% of the U.S. population. That left us with 58 cities.We then calculated the percent of residents that are Black or African American. The data source for the list is the 2020 United States Census.[1]. Throughout the country, there are 342 cities with a population over 100,000. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 2020 Census Redistricting Data Release - Playlist. Users analyze, extract, customize and publish stats. 94-171). Measuring America's People, Places, and Economy. LeavenworthOverall SnackAbility6/10Population: 37,216% African American: 11.08%# Of African American Residents: 4,123Percent Change Since 2010: -21.57%More on Leavenworth: Real Estate|Data|PhotosSource: Wikipedia User Melissa Bower | CC BY-SA 4.05. Population of the Granite State increased 4.6% to 1,377,529 from 2010 to 2020. The percentage growth of Blacks in America is the third largest percentage change for any race according to the Census's race and ethnicity definition. The Peace Garden State grew 15.8% from 2010 to 2020, to a population of 779,094. Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. This list of U.S. cities by Black population covers all incorporated cities and Census-designated places with a population over 100,000 and a proportion of Black residents over 30% in the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the territory of Puerto Rico and the population in each city that is Black or African American. Measuring America's People, Places, and Economy. In 2019, there were 46.8 million people who self-identified as Black, making up roughly 14% of the countrys Contact our Public Information Office for media inquiries or interviews. The percentages ranked from 21.4% to 0.0%. Web70% White 12% Black 0% Native 3% Asian 0% Islander 1% Other 5% Two+ 10% Hispanic. People may choose toreport more than one race to indicate their racial mixture, such as "American Indian" and "White."
Missouri Black Population Percentage Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander.
The Last Frontier State was the least densely populated state in 2020 with a population of 733,391 (1.3 people per square mile), up 3.3% from 2010. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title.
U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Kansas WebLawrence city, Kansas; Ottawa city, Kansas; Leavenworth city, Kansas; Merriam city, Kansas; Spring Hill city, Kansas; Augusta city, Kansas QuickFacts provides statistics A new data tool allows users to explore thousands of social safety statistics 2013-2019 and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of recipients. The vintage year (e.g., V2022) refers to the final year of the series (2020 thru 2022). Estimates are not comparable to other geographic levels due to methodology differences that may exist between different data sources. An official website of the United States government. Biggest Cities in Kansas. There are some slight differences when it comes to the biggest cities in Kansas compared to the most populous cities. Wichita is the biggest city with a total area of 163.59 square miles. Wichita 163.59 sq mi (423.70 km2) Kansas City 128.38 sq mi (332.50 km2) Comparing Differential Privacy With Older Disclosure Avoidance Methods. When you click through real estate links on our site, we earn an affiliate commission. A lock (
According to the 2018 United States Census estimates, the United States population is approximately 14.6% Black or African American, which equals 47.8 million people. Updated annually. State by state, the highest number of Black Americans could be found in Texas (3.96 million), Florida (3.70 million), Georgia (3.54 million), New York (3.53 million), and California (2.83 million). Users should exercise caution when comparing 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates to other ACS estimates. An official website of the United States government. People living in group quarters, such as nursing homes, military barracks, and college/university student housing, are among the unique populations counted in the 2020 Census.
Mapping Americas diversity The Midwest has five states in the East North Central part of the region and seven in the West North Central. Black women have typically had higher labor force participation rates than all women, though the difference is not as great. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Under-18 (down 1.4%) and adult population (up 10.1%).
Black Population by State 2023 American Community Survey.
19 of them had Black (alone or in combination) majorities, and in 46 more cities, between 30% and 50% of the population identified as Black. Differential privacy, first developed in 2006, is a framework for measuring the precise disclosure risk associated with each release of confidential data. Data Source: United Nations - World Population Prospects MLA Citation: Population Estimates, July 1 2022, (V2022), Population Estimates, July 1 2021, (V2021), Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2022), Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2021), Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2022, (V2022), Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2021, (V2021), American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent, White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent, Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2017-2021, Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2017-2021, Median selected monthly owner costs -with a mortgage, 2017-2021, Median selected monthly owner costs -without a mortgage, 2017-2021, Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2017-2021, Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021, Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021, Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2017-2021, High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2017-2021, Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2017-2021, With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2017-2021, Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent, In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021, In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021, Total accommodation and food services sales, 2017 ($1,000), Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2017 ($1,000), Total transportation and warehousing receipts/revenue, 2017 ($1,000), Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2017-2021, Median household income (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021, Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021, Total employment, percent change, 2019-2020, Men-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Women-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Minority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Nonminority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Veteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Nonveteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017. Measuring America's People, Places, and Economy. The vintage year (e.g., V2022) refers to the final year of the series (2020 thru 2022). We still believe in the accuracy of data -- especially from the census. Browse our topics and subtopics to find information and data. Twelve states have a Black population comprising less than 5% of their total population. Whether or not you're in Kansas, click your heels (or your mouse) to explore Kansas' demographics, new business formations, and more. Some estimates presented here come from sample data, and thus have sampling errors that may render some apparent differences between geographies statistically indistinguishable. Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the U.S.: 2010 Census and 2020 Census. Some estimates presented here come from sample data, and thus have sampling errors that may render some apparent differences between geographies statistically indistinguishable. How to Visualize 2020 Census Redistricting Data for Your Area. Users should exercise caution when comparing 2017-2021 ACS 5-year estimates to other ACS estimates. ET on Saturday, 3/4/2023. Wyoming has the lowest Black population of 11,306 (2%), followed by Montana with 12,007 (1%), and Vermont with 12,936 (2%). View all the available mapping files from the Geography program. Updated annually. Estimates are not comparable to other geographic levels due to methodology differences that may exist between different data sources.
Kansas City, Missouri Population & Demographics - AreaVibes The content on this page includes a link to a non-government website. In the previous decade the African American population had dramatically risen from 6,237 to 17,108. The population of the Empire State, the nations fourth most populous state, grew 4.2% to 20,201,249 from 2010 to 2020. Population Estimates, July 1 2022, (V2022), Population Estimates, July 1 2021, (V2021), Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2022), Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2021), Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2022, (V2022), Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2021, (V2021), American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent, White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent, Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2017-2021, Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2017-2021, Median selected monthly owner costs -with a mortgage, 2017-2021, Median selected monthly owner costs -without a mortgage, 2017-2021, Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2017-2021, Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021, Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021, Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2017-2021, High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2017-2021, Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2017-2021, With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2017-2021, Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent, In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021, In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021, Total accommodation and food services sales, 2017 ($1,000), Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2017 ($1,000), Total transportation and warehousing receipts/revenue, 2017 ($1,000), Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2017-2021, Median household income (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021, Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021, Total employment, percent change, 2019-2020, Men-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Women-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Minority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Nonminority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Veteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Nonveteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017. For data product purposes, "Two or More Races" refers to combinations of two or more of the following race categories:"White," "Black or African American," American Indian or Alaska Native," "Asian," Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander," or "Some Other Race", Data users should be aware of methodology differences that may exist between different data sources.
State unemployment by race and ethnicity You can download the data here. For more information, please visit the 2021 5-year ACS Comparison Guidance page. What's the blackest city in Kansas? We aim to deliver infotainment about where you live that your real estate agent won't tell you.
U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States Kansas City took the number one over all spot for the largest Black population in Kansas for 2023. Chasing Chains, LLC. He originally worked for Movoto Real Estate as the director of marketing before founding HomeSnacks. Improvements to the 2020 Census Race and Hispanic Origin Question Designs, Data Processing, and Coding Procedures. ET on Saturday, 3/4/2023. A collection of 2020 Census Redistricting videos produced by the U.S. Census Bureau. Estimates are not comparable to other geographic levels due to methodology differences that may exist between different data sources. According to the most recent American Community Survey, the Black population in Kansas is 159,382 - at 5.4% of the total population of Kansas. The U.S. Census Bureau provides the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico with population counts to use in their redrawing of congressional and state legislative district boundaries a process known as redistricting..
List of U.S. cities with large Black populations - Wikipedia Once you link to another site you are subject to the policies of the new site. Data item: Black or African American alone, percent, Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program (PEP). Official websites use .gov
ET on Saturday, 3/4/2023. Population of the Cornhusker State grew 7.4% to 1,961,504 from 2010 to 2020. La Oficina del Censo de los EE. The percentages ranked from 21.4% to 0.0%.Finally, we ranked each city based on the percent of Black population with a higher score being more Black than a lower score. OMB requires that race data be collectd for a minimum of five groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other PacificIslander. The microdata included in the PPMFs do not include any actual census responses. The Natural States population grew 3.3% to 3,011,524 from 2010 to 2020. About 410,000 were brought to the United States, mostly landing in ports in Charleston, Baltimore, and other parts of Maryland, Virginia, and New Orleans. Updated annually. OMB permits the Census Bureau to also use a sixth category - Some Other Race. To see where Kansas ranked as a state on diversity, we have a ranking of the most diverse states in America. Kansas City, Kansas Population & Demographics. new www.areavibes.com. The population density in Kansas City is 3233% higher than Kansas. The median age in Kansas City is 8% lower than Kansas. In Kansas City 59.40% of the population is White. In Kansas City 25.06% of the population is Black.
African American Lock
Kansas 160th Anniversary of Statehood (1861): January 29, 2021. Population of the Old North State grew 9.5% to 10,439,388 from 2010 to 2020. 2020 Census Redistricting Data Product Frequently Asked Questions. 2022 Q2 & 2022 Q3 Updated December 2022. Continue with Recommended Cookies.
Kansas City Metro Area Population 1950 Who Is Receiving Social Safety Net Benefits? View how race and ethnicity have changed by state from the 2010 Census and 2020 Census. WebIn the 1870 census Black residents made up 4.6 percent of the state's population. The region is made up of six states in New England and three in the Middle Atlantic. Differential privacy is a mathematical approach inspired by modern cryptography principles that disguises an individuals identity in published data. The Black-only population is 13.4%. We apologize for the inconvenience. Wyoming and Idaho's Black population comprise only 1% of their respective populations; Wyoming, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, and Utah's are only 2%; South Dakota, New Mexico, and Oregon's are 3%; and North Dakota and Hawaii's are 4%.
MerriamOverall SnackAbility7/10Population: 11,110% African American: 7.21%# Of African American Residents: 801Percent Change Since 2010: 4.57%More on Merriam: Real Estate|Data|PhotosSource: Flickr User bob_brents1 | CC BY 2.0, Population: 155,745% African American: 21.41%# Of African American Residents: 33,344Percent Change Since 2010: -16.54%More on Kansas City: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 23,033% African American: 19.08%# Of African American Residents: 4,394Percent Change Since 2010: -10.42%More on Junction City: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 11,321% African American: 14.15%# Of African American Residents: 1,602Percent Change Since 2010: 45.5%More on Lansing: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 37,216% African American: 11.08%# Of African American Residents: 4,123Percent Change Since 2010: -21.57%More on Leavenworth: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 126,802% African American: 10.13%# Of African American Residents: 12,841Percent Change Since 2010: -9.33%More on Topeka: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 8,148% African American: 10.05%# Of African American Residents: 819Percent Change Since 2010: 26.58%More on Bel Aire: Real Estate|Data, Population: 394,574% African American: 9.97%# Of African American Residents: 39,354Percent Change Since 2010: -3.29%More on Wichita: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 9,032% African American: 9.94%# Of African American Residents: 898Percent Change Since 2010: -29.24%More on Coffeyville: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 9,652% African American: 8.03%# Of African American Residents: 775Percent Change Since 2010: -4.32%More on Parsons: Real Estate|Data|Photos, Population: 11,110% African American: 7.21%# Of African American Residents: 801Percent Change Since 2010: 4.57%More on Merriam: Real Estate|Data|Photos. QuickFacts data are derived from: Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, Current Population Survey, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits. The darker the red areas, the larger the share of the population is black, with the deepest shade indicating a black population of 90 percent or more. In 2019, 40.7 million, or 87%, identified their race as Black alone and their ethnicity as non-Hispanic, while around 3.7 million, or 8%, indicated their race was Black and another race (most often White) and not Hispanic. Measuring America's People, Places, and Economy. According to the most recent American Community Survey, the Black population in Kansas is 159,382 - at 5.4% of the total population of Kansas. So that's where we went to get the breakdown of race across Kansas.That lead us to the Census's most recently available data, the 2017-2021 American Community Survey data from the US Census.Specifically, we looked at table B03002: Hispanic OR LATINO ORIGIN BY RACE. Developing the DAS: Demonstration Data and Progress Metrics, The Census Bureau is building and evaluating the new cryptography-baseddisclosure avoidance system (2020 DAS) through a series of development sprints., The U.S. 2017-2021 American Community Survey data from the US Census, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone*. Through interactive state and county maps for the 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, each page provides a snapshot of change from 2010 to 2020 on five topics. Here are the 10 states with the highest percentage of black residents: * Black or African American alone or in combination with one or more other races, US Census 2020 ACS 5-Year Survey (Table B02009).
94-171 Redistricting Data Summary Files.
Estimates are not comparable to other geographic levels due to methodology differences that may exist between different data sources. All rights reserved. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Population and Housing Unit Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS). Explore census data with visualizations and view tutorials. Data.census.gov, Census Data API, and Census Search will be unavailable due to scheduled maintenance from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. QuickFacts provides statistics for all states and counties, and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more. WebPopulation (up 7.4% to 331.4 million). An official website of the United States government. Population Estimates, July 1 2021, (V2021), Population Estimates, July 1 2022, (V2022), Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2022), Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2021), Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2022, (V2022), Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2021, (V2021), American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent, White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent, Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2017-2021, Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2017-2021, Median selected monthly owner costs -with a mortgage, 2017-2021, Median selected monthly owner costs -without a mortgage, 2017-2021, Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2017-2021, Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021, Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021, Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2017-2021, High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2017-2021, Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2017-2021, With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2017-2021, Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent, In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021, In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2017-2021, Total accommodation and food services sales, 2017 ($1,000), Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2017 ($1,000), Total transportation and warehousing receipts/revenue, 2017 ($1,000), Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2017-2021, Median household income (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021, Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021, Total employment, percent change, 2019-2020, Men-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Women-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Minority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Nonminority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Veteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017, Nonveteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2017.