Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia happens when your body does not have enough healthy red blood cells because your body has a vitamin B12 deficiency. Reduced levels of B12 vitamin can induce mood changes. Vitamin B-12 and other B vitamins play a role in producing brain chemicals that affect mood and other brain functions. Evaluate? Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. I too was eating right and in shape for years but alcohol was also my everyday diet and I have suffered for it mentally and in my relationships. And it works! are these levels indicative of cancer? Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. A healthcare provider may teach you how to properly use the medication by yourself. Lack of vitamin B12 in the body often leads to anemia wherein the patient feels weak and tired most of the time. Mary Ruth. why? A former investment banker, he recovered from alcohol dependence using cutting-edge methods that integrate nutrition, physiology, and behavioral change. Vitamin B12 deficiency can have a big impact on the body. Vitamin B12 helps your body use fat and carbohydrates for energy and make new protein . Follow state or local laws about how to dispose of this container. Vegetarian or vegan people who are pregnant may need to take supplements or consume fortified foods, as vitamin B12 transfers to the baby via the placenta and breast milk. Makeup Can Remove Wrinkles Myth or Fact? I hope youve learned something useful from this article about vitamin B12 and alcohol. This is because heavy alcohol consumption can impair the bodys ability to, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Some people have a rare condition called pernicious anemia, which means their stomach does not make intrinsic factor. The effects of vitamin B12 deficiency can include the hallmark megaloblastic anemia (characterized by large, . 2020 Feb;31(2):113-126. doi: 10.1007/s10552-019-01256-1. It is possible you may need shots every month for the rest of your life. If B-12 supplementation does not begin quickly, changes can be observed in organ structure. Im so grateful! heart problems - swelling, rapid weight gain, feeling short of breath; fluid build-up in or around the lungs - pain when you breathe, feeling short of breath while lying down, wheezing, gasping for breath, cough with foamy mucus, cold and clammy skin, anxiety, rapid heartbeats; or. Studies show that even a little amount of alcohol can decrease vitamin B12 absorption by about 5-6%. Usual Adult Dose for B12 Nutritional Deficiency: 1000 mcg intramuscularly is the flushing dose. You might also face a higher risk of other deficiencies, including folate, of vitamin B-9. do smoke cigarettes. Vitamin B-12 supplements also are recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding exclusively and follow vegetarian or vegan diets. Abdollahi Z, Elmadfa I, Djazayeri A, Sadeghian S, Freisling H, Mazandarani FS, Mohamed K. Ann Nutr Metab. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed. I started having fainting spells earlier this summer. Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. 50% off with $15/month membership. My dad has macrocytic anemia. B-12 is necessary for many biological functions, including the maintenance of blood and neural cells. It is important to be aware of how your body absorbs vitamin B-12, as this knowledge can help you make an informed decision about the amount of alcohol you consume. Initial dose: 100 mcg intramuscularly or deep subcutaneous once a day for 6 to 7 days Related conditions. Loss of balance. eCollection 2019 Oct. Absorption of B12 vitamins is connected to the consumption of alcohol and vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to health conditions. Alcohol consumption and serum metabolite concentrations in young women. Several research stu Only an alcoholic would ask that question. Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause physical, neurological and psychological problems if it is not treated. for weight loss. You usually pee out what you don't need. Low stomach acid also enables certain bacteria to grow, and these can use up vitamin B12 stores. Some people may have no symptoms despite having a low level of vitamin B12 in their bodies. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event. At least 3% of people aged 20 to 39 years old. https://www.micromedexsolutions.com. Moderate-to-severe chronic alcohol consumption can have damaging effects on your stomach lining, causing a condition called atrophic gastritis, or inflammation of the stomach. Keep. . 5 Reasons for Acne Breakout While Staying Indoors During Lockdown, Treatment for Various Types of Acne Scars, Benefits of Laser Skin Resurfacing treatment for Acne Scars, Things to Know About Anti-Wrinkle Fillers, Radiesse Filler 5 Things to Know Before Using It, Restylane Treatment: Five Safety Aspects You Should Consider, What Are the Benefits of Weight Loss Injections? Im tall but light. All rights reserved. Drug class: Vitamins. Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia Useful resources. B12 injections and alcohol. Your thyroid lab studies are within normal limits on whatever dose of Synthroid (thyroxine) you are now taking. Drug class: Vitamins. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Hello Interesting. This content does not have an English version. Most people can prevent vitamin B12 deficiency by consuming enough of it in their diet. Epub 2019 Dec 11. Top answers from doctors based on your search: Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Available for Android and iOS devices. Vitamin B12 mainly occurs in animal foods, so people who follow a plant-based diet have a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Next, vitamin B12 combines with something called intrinsic factor, a protein made by your stomach. In addition to her work at the exclusive Executive Health clinic in Marbella, Spain, she helps to keep Fit Recovery up to date with emerging research. Any person can develop vitamin B12 deficiency at any age. Options for consuming vitamin B12 include: Other things you can do to help prevent vitamin B12 deficiency include: The prognosis for people who have vitamin B12 deficiency depends on how early the deficiency is diagnosed and treated. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy or while you are nursing. 2019 Jul 30;32(4):589-592. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2019.1641045. Vitamin Supplements as a Nutritional Strategy against Chronic Alcohol Consumption? Gastritis reduces the production of hydrochloric acid which leads to the growth of intestinal bacteria. AndRead more . An official website of the United States government. Alcohol may act through altered status of folate and vitamin B(12), two vitamins required for DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis, and thus cell integrity. Vitamin B12 is generally considered safe. Prolonged alcohol ingestion may prompt a clinician to look for signs of B-12 anemic deficiency. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Cocktails at night almost every night, and maybe once a month Ill drink through an entire day on the weekend, booze and snooze, which became Im going to Boise cause humor softens most everything. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using Vitamin B12. Vitamin supplements and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: What to know, numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, some hereditary conditions that affect vitamin B12 absorption, pernicious anemia, which can lead to gastric atrophy, or damage to the stomach, overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine, neural tube defects in children born to those with a vitamin B12 deficiency, pain, redness, or itching at the site of the injection, peripheral vascular thrombosis, which involves blood clots, polycythemia vera, which is a type of blood cancer, Lebers disease, which affects the optic nerve, deficiencies in other nutrients, particularly. It can be treated with vitamin B12 medications. Although alcohol intake has been positively associated with breast cancer risk in epidemiologic studies, a causal relationship has not been established, and the mechanisms mediating this association are speculative. Then i had a crash 3 weeks ago. If you have risk factors for developing vitamin B12 deficiency or are experiencing symptoms, be sure to contact your doctor to get a blood test to check your levels. Vitamin B12 may cause serious side effects. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. government site. Vitamin B12 can improve your mood during weight loss programs. you can drink alcohol with cyanocobalamin. Chris Scott founded Fit Recovery in 2014 to help people from around the world dominate alcohol dependence and rebuild their lives from scratch. The mainstream addiction treatment industry all but ignores the role of nutrition in healing from alcohol addiction. Alcohol: Alcohol can affect blood sugar and . Options for vitamin B12 treatment include: A person is more likely to develop vitamin B12 deficiency if they have one or more of the following risk factors: Most people can prevent vitamin B12 deficiency by consuming foods and drinks that have vitamin B12. Common Vitamin B12 side effects may include: This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. In rare cases, a doctor may recommend injections, but research suggests that taking additional vitamin B12 by mouth can be as effective as receiving an injection in a muscle. Nutrients. The tests used to diagnose vitamin B12 deficiency are a complete blood count (CBC) and a vitamin B12 blood test level. With nutritional repair and natural remedies, trial and erroris the bestapproach. Functional vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 injection is injected into a muscle or under the skin. This is one of a series of articles on Fit Recovery about basic nutrients that are depleted by alcohol. To make sure this medicine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: eye problems or Leber's disease (in you or a family member); if you are receiving any medication or treatment that affects bone marrow. Vitamin B12 is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency in people with pernicious anemia and other conditions. A person is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency if the amount of vitamin B12 in their blood is less than 150 per mL. Treatment may include a shot of vitamin B12 once a month. 8600 Rockville Pike Your body absorbs only as much as it needs, and any excess passes through your urine. Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. This is a lack of vitamin B9 (folic . i'm on vitamin b12. A reticulocyte count is also in order as new-made reds can be quite large. Damaged gut lining - Alcohol directly damages the lining of the stomach and intestines, making it harder to absorb . Consumption of alcohol (of any kind) affects the level of B12 absorption in the body even if taken in moderate amounts. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. Vitamin B 12 deficiency affects multiple systems, . Does Drinking Alcohol Affect Vitamin B12 Levels? Other drugs may interact with cyanocobalamin, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Your Free Challenge gave me more useful info than any paid course Ive ever taken. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Folic acid alone will not treat Vitamin B12 deficiency or prevent possible damage to the spinal cord. Most people enjoy drinking alcohol, but even moderate amounts of alcohol consumption can have negative effects on the amount of vitamin B-12 you absorb. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Blood sugar ok Then worse Ridiculous fatigue and brain fatigue Needing to pause inRead more . It also helps your body make DNA, the genetic material in all of your cells. However, drinking too much alcohol on a regular basis can cause folate deficiency anaemia. (https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0915/p384.html), (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/). 10 hemoglobin, 29 hematocrit, 14 platelets, mcv 107. tests for kidney, liver, wbc, mch, vit b12 are normal. Popular Aesthetic Procedures for Women over 50, Transform Your Body and Face This New Year with Morpheus8, What is Mesotherapy Treatment? You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Alcohol uses up B12 and in my experience I'd say it's the alcohol and your low B12 that's the problem, not your B12 injection. Bowel incontinence and/or urinary incontinence. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted For pernicious anemia, you may have to use Vitamin B12 injection for the rest of your life. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Medically reviewed by Philip Thornton, DipPharm. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Use a needle and syringe only once and then place them in a puncture-proof "sharps" container. Treatment depends on the cause of B12 deficiency anemia. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Reduced levels of B12 vitamin can induce mood changes. For pernicious anemia, you may have to use Vitamin B12 for the rest of your life. How to Take Care of Your Face After Fillers? Consider getting your heart checked out, possibly by 2d echo. Among healthy, well-nourished, postmenopausal women, moderate alcohol intake may diminish vitamin B(12) status. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Vitamin B12 is important for growth, cell reproduction, blood formation, and protein and tissue synthesis. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. It is illegal for you to drink alcohol at your age. Vitamin B12 is an important nutrient that helps your body make red blood cells and DNA, the genetic material in all of your cells. The content on fitrecovery.com is designed to support, not replace, medical or psychiatric treatment. . Vitamin B12 deficiency causes many skin conditions like hyperpigmentation, acne, eczema, psoriasis, vitiligo and can lead to hair problems. With either type of medication, the risk of B-12 deficiency was significantly . . The simple answer to this question isyes. The daily recommended intake of vitamin B-12 for healthy adults is 2.4 micrograms. Long-term low vitamin B12 levels caused by pernicious anemia can affect your nervous system. If your doctor prescribes vitamin B12 injections, they will usually give you hydroxocobalamin, another type of vitamin B12. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Studies show that even a little amount of alcohol can decrease vitamin B12 absorption by about 5-6%. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4953733/. Heart failure: Could a low sodium diet sometimes do more harm than good? Office of Dietary Supplements. If neurological problems develop from vitamin B12 deficiency, they may not be reversible. It's found naturally in many foods, such as meat, fish and dairy products. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Taking medications for symptoms caused by a nutrient deficiencymighteven be detrimental, because untreated nutrient deficienciescancause much more serious complications down the road. When this occurs, the cells of the stomach cannot do their job of making and secreting a substance called intrinsic factor, which enhances B-12's absorption. Vitamin B12 test: This tests for the levels of vitamin B12 in a person's blood. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy or while you are nursing. Are you a social drinker? Low levels of B-12 and other B vitamins such as vitamin B-6 and folate may be linked to depression. The condition may be classified as anemic or neural. Common side effects of Vitamin B12 may include: This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. How Much B12 Do You Need? Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Nov 28, 2022. But sometimes when inspired to drink less or quit altogether, such as being in a relationship w/a non-drinker or just fed up feeling poisoned, Ill go for weeks or months drinking hardly anything. [Abstract]. The B vitamins that I took for six months after I quit drinking definitely helped me feel better, and fixing my vitamin B12 deficiency probably helped in more ways than I understood at the time. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can lead to various health problems, ranging from fatigue to permanent neurological changes. Vitamin B-12 is also added to some foods, such as fortified breakfast cereals, and is available as an oral supplement. Vitamin B 12 deficiency can be treated with intramuscular injections of cyanocobalamin or oral . Is Platelet Rich Plasma the Secret to Youthful Skin? I have been drinking alcohol 5 or 6 and even sometimes 7 beers a day for about7 or 8 months. Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. Use a needle and syringe only once and then place them in a puncture-proof "sharps" container. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. Or are you a person who likes to finish your day with a small drink? Oral contraceptives did not affect biochemical folate indexes and homocysteine concentrations in adolescent females. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any medicine you start or stop using. Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. The fact that I had a very healthy diet for someone with severe alcohol dependence did not seem to matter. Ingesting too much alcohol causes changes in the secretion of gastric acid. One of the first symptoms is a feeling of generalized fatigue, often accompanied by either diarrhea or constipation. American Family Physician. Depending on the cause of your vitamin B12 deficiency, you may have to only take medication for a short amount of time, or you may have to take medication for the rest of your life. Folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine status in women of childbearing age: baseline data of folic acid wheat flour fortification in Iran. Vitamin B12 side effects. Morpheus Laser The Latest in Skin Treatment. I never took a standalone B12 supplement, but I took various B-complexes bought from supermarkets after I quit drinking. You are also more likely to replace your meals with alcohol. Mayo Clinic does not endorse any of the third party products and services advertised. Learn more about vitamin B12 . Vitamin B12 deficiency is also commonly linked with depression. The following risk factors can increase the chance of developing vitamin B12 deficiency: Conditions that affect the gastrointestinal tract may affect vitamin B12 release or absorption. This is because shots enable the body to absorb vitamin B12 without it having to go through the digestive system. Without intrinsic factor or a diet that contains the recommended intake of vitamin B-12, the amount of vitamin B-12 found in the body is decreased. Acne Scar Reduction What Is the Best Treatment? Thanks for motivating others here and keep it up! | Benefits of MIC injections, All You Need to Know About Laser Hair Removal. Accessed Jan. 9, 2021. Vitamin B-12 is a water-soluble B complex vitamin. What Are the Best Treatments to Help Aging Skin? Results: Although the effects of heavy alcohol intake on folate and vitamin B(12) status have been well-documented, few studies have addressed the effects of moderate alcohol intake in a controlled setting. The small intestine, the place where most absorption of B-12-containing foods takes place, is severely affected, which can make B-12 injections necessary. If clinical improvement and reticulocyte response is seen from the above dosing: At least 4% of people aged 40 to 59 years old. People with a deficiency may have neurological symptoms and fatigue, while an excess may indicate, Vitamin B-12 is essential for blood health. To make matters worse, for alcoholics suffering from depression, it also leads to poor response to antidepressant medication. In severe alcoholism, the majority of the diet is replaced by alcohol, resulting in serious malnutrition, with one of the most serious concerns being lack of B-12 in your system. These issues can affect both adults and children ( 2, 20 ). Numbness or tingling in your hands and feet. Dorgan JF, Jung S, Dallal CM, Zhan M, Stennett CA, Zhang Y, Eckert RL, Snetselaar LG, Van Horn L. Cancer Causes Control. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Cleveland Clinics Endocrinology & Metabolism Institute is committed to providing the highest quality healthcare for patients with diabetes, endocrine and metabolic disorders, and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. . Degeneration of the spinal cord. Use all medications as directed. Always follow directions on the medicine label about giving Vitamin B12 injection to a child. Sandoval C, Faras J, Zamorano M, Herrera C. Antioxidants (Basel). Knowing how alcohol affects B12 absorption might help you make an informed decision about your drinking habit. This is the reason why vitamin B12 injections are administered with. Vitamin B-12 injections are often given to those who ingest alcohol on a consistent basis, because chronic alcohol exposure is a precursor for significant deficiency. Typically, vitamin B12 deficiency is treated with vitamin B12 injections, because this method bypasses any barriers to absorption. Vitamin B12 intramuscular injections (a shot that goes into the muscle). Thanks! If I were to quit drinking today, I would take two supplements that contain large doses of vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is just the tip of the iceberg with these supplements. Vitamin B12 deficiency happens when your body is either not getting enough or not absorbing enough vitamin B12 from the food that you eat that it needs to function properly. Sun & Tue - Closed, 2081 Forest Ave, Suite 1, San Jose, CA 95128. Cyanocobalamin injection is used to treat and prevent a lack of vitamin B 12 that may be caused by any of the following: pernicious anemia (lack of a natural substance needed to absorb vitamin B 12 from the intestine); certain diseases, infections, or medications that decrease the amount of vitamin B 12 absorbed from food; or a vegan diet (strict vegetarian diet that does not allow any animal . Before Some commonly prescribed medications that may interact with vitamin B12 include: Those who have allergies or medical conditions should always inform a doctor before receiving a vitamin B12 shot. Untreated vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to anemia or irreversible nerve damage. Keep it out of the reach of children and pets. 1 every 2 mth in uk in using alcohol wipe? Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. In higher doses, it decreases the secretion severely. Langan RC, Goodbred AJ. Large amounts of alcohol irritate the mucosal linings in the stomach and intestines leading to a condition called gastritis which further leads to reduced absorption of B12 levels in the body. Contact Customer Support for questions on your course, coaching, or products. Folic acid alone will not treat Vitamin B12 deficiency or prevent possible damage to the spinal cord. An Updated Review. Vitamin B12 shots are only available by prescription following a clinical diagnosis of low levels. Alcohol does not affect how this medicine works. To learn more, please visit our, to drink on the the day of an important injection: are you taking the. Follow state or local laws about how to dispose of this container. Alcohol ingestion can also cause significant damage to the tissues of the digestive system and liver, which results in the malabsorption of the vitamin. thank god I have support and unconditional love in my life. You can read my review of Calm Support here, and you can read more about Sleep Support in my article on alcohol withdrawal insomnia. People who are 60 years old or older are more likely to have vitamin B12 deficiency compared to other age groups. As chronic alcohol consumption progressively damages this organ, vitamin B12 stores in the liver become even more severely depleted. First, hydrochloric acid in your stomach removes vitamin B12 from the food it was in. Dermatologist Approved Tips for Spring Skincare Routine, Everything You Need to Know About Morpheus8, Roll Back the Years at Todays Skin Rejuvenation Clinics, 5 Skin Rejuvenation Treatments That Can Make You Look Younger, Importance of good skin care practice | Skin Care Practice, 5 Treatments to Get Rid of Sagging Skin and Get Tightened Youthful Skin Instead. Vitamin b12. More severe side effects of vitamin B12 deficiency include: Untreated vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to severe neurological (nervous system) damage, which can put an individual at a higher risk of mortality. Therefore, high blood serum levels for vitamin B12 can actually be a marker of liver disease, rather than a sign that the body overall contains optimal levels of vitamin B12. If there is a deficiency of Vitamin B12, then it could lead to the accumulation of a compound called homocysteine. ca 125 was normal at 9. Multivitamins Containing No Vitamin A or E, Vitamin B12 Injections & Alcohol Ingestion, Difference Between Vitamin B-12 & Folic Acid, International Journal of Cancer; Alcohol Consumption and Chronic Atrophic Gastritis: Population-Based Study Among 9,444 Older Adults from Germany; Lei Gao et al, Harvard Health Publishing: Vitamin B12 deficiency can be sneaky, harmful. Consumption of alcohol (of any kind) affects the level of B12 absorption in the body even if taken in moderate amounts. and transmitted securely. As a result, people with alcoholism have decreased vitamin B-12 absorption and a higher risk of developing a B-12 deficiency. A 5 oclock beer on s three beer day turned into a 4 oclock 4 beer day Etc etc Then starting near (or just before) noon with 5 to 6 beers being regular. Vitamin B12 shots may not be suitable for people with a history of: Most people get enough vitamin B12 from their diet, but some people have a deficiency. Fight Skin Pigmentation Problems with Skin Rejuvenation Treatments! Mean serum HCY concentrations tended to increase by 3% from 0 to 30 g of alcohol/day (9.44+/-0.37 vs 9.73+/-0.37 micromol/l; P=0.05). Two common types of GERD medicines have been associated with B-12 deficiency to varying degrees: H-2-receptor blockers. What sort of risk of endocarditis few yrs after mitral repair when having 6 b12 loading doses in 2 weeks and All rights reserved. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Cyanocobalamin pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings, Detailed Cyanocobalamin dosage information, Cyanocobalamin (B12) Capsules and Tablets, Cyanocobalamin (B12) Extended-Release Tablets. Click here for an email preview. Use all medications as directed. Vitamin B12 deficiency: Recognition and management. . This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Cyanocobalamin is a man-made form of vitamin B12 used to treat low levels (deficiency) of this vitamin. The deficiency of vitamin B12 is also known to increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. However, vitamin B12 shots may have other side effects. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441923/, https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10310/autoimmune-atrophic-gastritis, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933506/, http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B12, https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=579bd1fe-51a1-403f-a422-0fb701aab57d, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/recommended-dietary-allowance, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6494183/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25756278/. 97 rock personalities,