national wildlife federation scandal national wildlife federation scandal

Donate to help us meet our $100,000 Matching Gift Challenge goal today to help avert a nationwide wildlife crisis! Eglise de Saint Cyprien. Goal Two: Transform Wildlife Conservation: Advancing 21st century wildlife management, defending public trust resources, & confronting emerging stressors; climate change, invasive species, and wildlife diseases. WHY DIALOGUE IS NOT AN APPROPRIATE RESPONSE TO CORPORATE POWER, THE ART OF ANNIHILATION | CORY MORNINGSTAR, Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media, THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO DESTABILIZE BOLIVIA, THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO DESTABILIZE SYRIA, http://www.nwf.org/about/annualreport/2005/presidentscouncil05.pdf, A field guide to the environmental movement, Cheap Chips, Counterfeit Wilderness: Greenwashing Logging on Montanas Biggest National Forest, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Even then, Americas land, water and wildlife were threatened. Skip to content. In August, launched our Racial Equity Transformation Team (RETT) and began incorporating recommendations from our Black ERG. Ding Darling, the National Wildlife Federation has emerged as the nations premiere grass-roots conservation organization, with over 4 million members and supporters and 46 state affiliate organizations. 5051, Ali promotes a race- and class-focused view of environmental policy, claiming that, Environmental racism is the new Jim Crow in regards to food, housing, jobs, education 52 and many communities of color, low-income communities and indigenous populations are literally dying for a breath of fresh air. 53, He has also argued that the environmental movement is too white and that media should pay as much attention to kids of color as they do to young Swedish environmentalist activist Greta Thunberg. Our investigation looked at six different countries in Africa and Asia. Use the filters below to search for nature-based solutions funding and technical assistance resources that fit your needs. Donors can be reluctant to contribute to a charity when their name, address, or other basic information may become part of donor lists that are exchanged or sold, resulting in an influx of charitable solicitations from other organizations. 54, Ali was a co-moderator for a November 2019 environmental justice forum for Democratic Party presidential candidates. To hunters, anglers, hikers, birders, wildlife watchers, boaters, climbers, campers, cyclists, gardeners, farmers, forest stewards, and other outdoor enthusiasts, this conservation ethic represents a sacred duty and obligation to protect and build upon our conservation heritage for the sake of wildlife, ourselves, our neighbors, andmost of allfor future generations. National Wildlife Federation cannot currently be evaluated by our Impact & Results methodology because either (A) it is eligible, but we have not yet received data; (B) we have not yet developed an algorithm to estimate its programmatic impact; (C) its programs are not direct services; or (D) it is not heavily reliant on contributions from individual donors.Note: The absence of a score does not indicate a positive or negative assessment, it only indicates that we have not yet evaluated the organization. Updated: Jul 28, 2022 / 11:52 AM CDT. National Wildlife Federation's interactive database for communities interested in pursuing federal funding and/or technical assistance for nature-based solutions. 6. 75, The NWF is heavily involved in promoting its environmentalist agenda on college campuses across the United States. For additional information on search filters, see our . The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) is the United States ' largest private, nonprofit conservation education and advocacy organization, with over six million members and supporters, and 51 state and territorial affiliated organizations (including Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands). www.opendialoguemediations.com. 44. He was waterboarded. Partial Credit: The charity's audited financials were prepared by an independent accountant, but it did not have an audit oversight committee. One of the biggest factors in monarch decline is the increasing scarcity of its only caterpillar host plant: milkweed. CSR | CAN A CORPORATION BE SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE? during the 1980s. on Creating Safe Spaces, convening more than a dozen Black 5. Cart ID: Not Assigned, Copyright 2022 | EIN 13-4148824 | Bridge ID 3108588923. Join the movement and take the National Wildlife Federation's Butterfly Heroes pledge to garden at home this year! Buzzfeed reporters Tom Warren and Katie Baker spent a year looking into these charges. These organizations also supply givers with greater confidence by maintaining broad public support for their programs. Some of our external mobilization efforts include but are not limited to: We review compensation data across the organization (and by staff levels) to identify disparities by race. When a person is charged with PPP loan scam charges, they can face multiple civil and criminal penalties. If you think NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION has done something nefarious, then report them here using the review box at the bottom of the page. Renew your National Wildlife Federation membership today to continue receiving the full benefits of your support: A subscription to the award-winning National Wildlife magazine ($5 of every donation of $15 or more is allocated towards a one-year subscription) Membership discount on all National Wildlife Federation catalog merchandise Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation strives to protect wildlife at all costs. National Wildlife Federation reported its three largest programs on its FY 2017 Form 990 as: National Wildlife Federation has earned a 95% for the Culture & Community beacon. Recognizing the link between the peoples health, the environment, and our quality of life, conference participants set out to protect them all. The Spa has its own products of quality with different treatments rooms and indoor pool. In Malaysia, the most common types of buses used are single-decker buses, double-decker buses, and midi buses. Sources Include: IRS Form 990 and organization's website. Realized investment gains totaled $8 million and royalties and other income yielded the remaining $6 million.? [2], In 2008 there biggest and only funder giving them over $1 million was the Walton Family Foundation. Claimed but uncontrolled regions are in light green. Full Credit: The charity's audited financials were prepared by an independent accountant with an audit oversight committee. On Wednesday, the ECB outlined its cases against Hoggard and Bresnan two former England . It represents the old guard of the conservative establishment, including many hunting, fishing and gun clubs sustained by a history of racism. Animal Facts Giant Clam A giant clam can grow to weigh more than a dolphin. 2022 Impact Report Protecting these natural resources is a cause that has long united Americans from all walks of life and political stripes. Welcome to the program. Accuracy and availability may vary. 89%. Progress in Sustainable Tourism Volume 1 (1) November 2011 Editors: Harold Goodwin and . We have long-term strategic plans and measurable goals for creating a culture such that ones race identity has no influence on how they fare within the organization. I teach animal identification to the scouts and they learn animal life patterns and habitats. GARCIA-NAVARRO: So this three-part investigation begins in Chitwan National Park, in the lowland forests of Nepal. And sometimes they are helping out poachers, but on a very, very low level. You Came To The Wrong Place, B Team [Managed by Purpose the PR Arm of Avaaz], CIDA | Canadian International Development Agency, CIDOB | Confederation of Indigenous People of Bolivia, Natural Resources Defense Council Backgrounder, National Wildlife Federation Backgrounder, TckTcktck Partner: Meet The Corporate Leaders Group on Climate Change, Best Trusted Sources For In-Depth Analysis, Celebrity [Capitalism | Humanitarianism | Neoliberalism], Neo-Liberalism and the Defanging of Feminism, CSR IS NOT WORKING EMISSIONS INCREASED 41% FROM 1990 TO 2008. IIAS intends to offer a platform where suspicious activities related to PPP loan can be shared and discussed in a secure environment. (More) Rating Information Good This charity's score is 88%, earning it a Three-Star rating. But, you know, being a ranger is a really difficult job. A portion of your fee also supports work for local wildlife in select affiliate partner states. 73 The NWF publishes a variety of magazines, books and other materials promoting its environmentalist agenda under the Ranger Rick brand, and sells everything from clothes to toys to digital apps featuring the character. Stone-Manning was not an innocent bystander, nor was she a victim in this case.98. Copyright 2019 NPR. Total Revenue and Expenses - Data Available, IRS Published Data (Business Master File) - Data Available, Data Sources (IRS Forms 990) - Data Available. Our analysts check the charity's website to see if the organization has a donor privacy policy in place and what it does and does not cover. We check the charity's last two Forms 990 to see if the charity has reported any diversion of assets. We ask team members to identify racial disparities in their programs and/or portfolios. The National Wildlife Federation is an officially Accredited Charity with the Better Business Bureau, a Platinum Level organization according to GuideStar, designated as "Top-Rated" by CharityWatch and certified by the Mobile Giving Foundation. , Our nation's diverse and wondrous lands provide invaluable resources that require bold, future-focused management strategies. Inappropriate Coordination with Obama Administration Interior Department, https://www.counterpunch.org/2002/11/25/adios-jay-hair/, http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20021116&slug=hairobit16m, https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/19/us/jay-d-hair-56-dies-led-wildlife-group.html, https://earthcharter.org/discover/the-earth-charter/, https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/top-lobbyists/421128-top-lobbyists-2018, https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/top-lobbyists/358125-top-lobbyists-2017-grass-roots, https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/clients/summary?id=D000064937, https://www.nwf.org/About-Us/Regional-Centers-and-Affiliates, https://www.centerforgreenschools.org/greening-higher-education-qa-julian-keniry-nwf-0, https://www.fws.gov/refuges/history/bio/darling.html, https://www.nwf.org/About-Us/History/Conservation-Hall-of-Fame, https://www.fws.gov/duckstamp75/JayNorwood-DingDarling-FS.pdf, https://www.outsideonline.com/1839536/old-guard, https://www.nwf.org/About-Us/History/Legislative-Victories, https://www.nwf.org/en/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2011/NWF-75-years-timeline, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-nov-21-me-hair21-story.html, https://www.thenation.com/article/conservation-groups-corporate-cash-exchange/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/10/28/exxon-quits-conservation-group-claiming-unfairness-on-alaska-oil-spill/5b940b6d-9e17-4432-92ae-501360a95636/, https://www.nwf.org/en/Magazines/National-Wildlife/1999/How-Conservation-Grew-from-a-Whisper-to-a-Roar, https://www.nwf.org/Home/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2014/AprilMay/Conservation/NWF-View-President-Larry-Schweiger-Farewell, https://www.nwf.org/~/media/PDFs/2011-Annual-Report/NWF-2011-Annual-Report.ashx, https://www.nwf.org/Trees-for-Wildlife/About, https://www.nwf.org/~/media/PDFs/Global-Warming/Reports/Psych_Effects_Climate_Change_Full_3_23.ashx, https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060006715, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1981/07/15/wildlife-group-urges-president-to-dismiss-watt/a0927145-8793-4e3f-ad33-e59c18a105ab/, https://earthcharter.org/selected-endorsements/, https://steadystate.org/national-wildlife-federation-adopts-key-element-of-steady-state-thinking/, https://www.syracuse.com/news/2014/05/collin_omara_former_syracuse_whiz_kid_appointed_president_of_national_wildlife_f.html, https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/environment/climate-smart-san-jos/green-vision, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/krishanti-vignarajah-former-gubernatorial-candidate-to-head-lutheran-immigration-and-refugee-service/2019/02/12/148b2274-2f00-11e9-813a-0ab2f17e305b_story.html, https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060054237, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ryan-zinkes-most-lasting-failure/2018/12/16/c3a0697e-0168-11e9-b5df-5d3874f1ac36_story.html, https://www.nwf.org/Home/Latest-News/Press-Releases/2019/07-08-19-Trump-Seeking-to-Cover-Up-Lack-of-Environmental-Leadership, https://www.nwf.org/About-Us/Leadership/Mustafa-Santiago-Ali, https://www.eenews.net/eenewspm/stories/1060121645, https://www.democracynow.org/live/watch_2019_presidential_forum_on_environmental, https://truthout.org/video/elizabeth-warren-on-environmental-justice-capitalism-and-billionaires/, https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-10-10/how-did-teen-climate-activist-greta-thunberg-rise-fame-so-quickly, https://grist.org/article/cory-booker-shines-at-first-ever-presidential-environmental-justice-forum/, http://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol40/iss2/8, https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/497/871/#tab-opinion-1958428, https://www.heritage.org/crime-and-justice/report/regulation-through-sham-litigation-the-sue-and-settle-phenomenon, https://www.uschamber.com/report/sue-and-settle-regulating-behind-closed-doors, http://www.virginialawreview.org/volumes/content/empirical-analysis-sue-and-settle-environmental-litigation, https://www.nwf.org/-/media/Documents/PDFs/Annual-Reports/FY18_NWF-990-Tax-Form-Public-Disclosure.ashx, https://yosemite.epa.gov/oarm/igms_egf.nsf/9e9c2a5934a808d585256fb6006df292/5079abae84d6366185257d6f0071ee16!OpenDocument, https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Education-Programs/Earth-Tomorrow, https://www.michigandaily.com/section/arts/artist-profile--worlds-lungs-were-here-too-conversation-detroit-based-environmental, https://www.nwf.org/About-Us/History/About-Ranger-Rick, https://www.nwf.org/EcoLeaders/Get-Involved/Fellowships, https://www.postgraduatefunding.com/award-3178, https://blog.nwf.org/2013/02/nwf-fellowship-program-grows-to-offer-additional-leadership-opportunities-for-emerging-leaders/, https://www.inconvenientsequeleducation.org/about-an-inconvenient-sequel-education/, https://www.inconvenientsequeleducation.org/educators/, https://www.manhattan-institute.org/green-energy-revolution-near-impossible, https://www.nwf.org/About-Us/Partners-and-Supporters, https://www.eenews.net/features/documents/2009/10/05/document_gw_01.pdf, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/10/05/05greenwire-blm-employees-too-cozy-with-advocacy-groups-ig-20341.html, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/07/12/wealthy-conservationist-claude-moore-dies/b734f890-e52a-4ef0-bfcc-927beaa30bdf/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/03/21/wildlife-federation-sells-loudoun-land-to-developer-for-85-million/6c2e78b2-69ab-4d00-80f2-5ca51df5aba4/, https://www.loudountimes.com/news/the-claude-moore-foundation-forging-the-future/article_336232ca-4e6d-5052-b0d0-91281f054408.html, https://www.nwf.org/Latest-News/Press-Releases/2021/04-22-21-Stone-Manning-BLM-Nomination, https://www.wsj.com/articles/bidens-monkeywrencher-11625783897, https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/07/22/tracy-stone-manning-biden-senate/, Charles Engelhard Foundation (Non-profit), Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Non-profit), Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) (Non-profit), Foundation for the Carolinas (FFTC) (Non-profit), Charles Stewart Mott Foundation (Non-profit), Sustainable Markets Foundation (Non-profit), Western Conservation Foundation (Non-profit). . We recognize that not all metrics and beacons equally predict a charitys success. KATIE BAKER: Thank you so much for having me. And they provide them with everything from uniforms to cars to knives and riot gear and other things that can be used as weapons. BAKER: I will say that we found it really shocking that whether on the ground reporting in Nepal or in Cameroon, we heard the exact same stories from locals. Jay Darling We use a vetting process to identify vendors and partners that share our commitment to race equity. We check the charity's Form 990 reporting to see if it meets this criteria. Compagnie Des Sports. No Credit: The charity did not have its audited financials prepared by an independent accountant. Here are ten ways you can directly help pollinators and support National Wildlife Federation's efforts to protect and restore these critically important wildlife species. The Liabilities to Assets Ratio is determined by Total Liabilities divided by Total Assets (most recent 990). GARCIA-NAVARRO: So we should say that the WWF said in a statement human rights abuses are totally unacceptable and can never be justified in the name of conservation. We spent a few nights in this property which is well situated on the beach surrounded by pine trees. Expenses: $83,063,340 In national parks across Asia and Africa, the beloved nonprofit with the cuddly panda logo funds, equips, and works directly with paramilitary forces that have been accused of beating, torturing, sexually assaulting, and murdering scores of people. Comic book-style guide for young people who might need defense against drug or weapon charges, illustrated with mock-Peanuts cartoons. So there can be some really complex issues there. The low-cost (and potentially free) funds offered under the PPP have proven to be attractive not only to struggling businesses, but also to larger companies and scam artists. Through grassroots actions and focused legislative campaigns, the National Wildlife Federation Action Fund advocates for solutions to protect, restore, and connect wildlife habitat; transform wildlife conservation; and connect Americans with wildlife. This ratio is an indicator of an organizations solvency and or long term sustainability. 45 She is a former aide to Michelle Obama and served in the State Department during the Obama administration. According to the Wall Street Journal, Stone-Manning re-typed a letter to the U.S. Forest Service warning that five hundred pounds of spikes measuring 8 to 10 inches had been driven into trees in Idaho, and that loggers attempting to bring them down could get hurt.97, Stone-Manning later worked to minimize her role in the tree-spiking case, and told the U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee that she had never been the target of an investigation. While subsequent court rulings loosened the strict requirement for plaintiffs to prove that they had actually been harmed by an agencys policies, some legal observers suggest that Lujan led to the growth of the sue and settle mechanism through which environmentalist groups lawsuits against regulators are quickly settled by sympathetic agency bureaucrats in ways that avoid review by courts. Reston, VA 20190-5362 enterprise vienna airport; kuding tea and kidney disease. A year long investigation by BuzzFeed News has unearthed human rights violations by the anti-poaching patrols the World Wildlife Fund employs. 16, By 1981, when new executive director Jay D. Hair took over, NWF claimed to be the nations largest citizens conservation group. 17 The New York Times characterized the group at the time as a big, somewhat right-leaning club of hunters, fishermen and other outdoors enthusiasts jealous of their space and in which a majority of the members had voted for Republican Ronald Reagan in the 1980 Presidential election. The controversy arose when it was revealed that the WE charity had previously paid close family of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to appear at its . The Nature Conservancy employees rated their Positive Business Outlook 15% higher than National Wildlife Federation employees rated theirs. At the time, it was one of the largest undeveloped parcels of land in the region. We include in a charity's working capital unrestricted and temporarily restricted net assets, and exclude permanently restricted net assets. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. 37, Described by the New York Times as a somewhat right-leaning group 38 and by the Washington Post as one of the most conservative of the environmental organizations in the 1980s, the NWF moved leftward under Schweiger. Protecting these natural resources is a cause that has long united Americans from all walks of life and political stripes. The nonprofit provides evidence of investment in leadership development. So it might not be that most forest rangers are bad people or committing crimes, but it's definitely the case that in very different countries and areas, you see forest rangers accused of torturing, beating, sexually assaulting and even murdering these indigenous people. View all organizations in this consolidation. They are often tasked with combating poachers who are heavily armed. 59 In 1977, it won a $7.5 million settlement in a Nebraska case involving whooping crane habitats. View similar charities Ratings & Metrics Learn more about Ratings & Metrics Data based on Fiscal Year Ended 08/31/2019 1. First president to designate a National Wildlife Refuge. Without the support of friends like you, the National Wildlife Federation wouldn't be able to restore key habitats and advocate on behalf of wildlife in harm's way. This beacon provides an assessment of the organization's leadership capacity, strategic thinking and planning, and ability to innovate or respond to changes in constituent demand/need or other relevant social and economic conditions to achieve the organization's mission. National Wildlife Federation has earned a 100% for the Leadership & Adaptability beacon. (It is not necessary that the audit committee be a separate committee. In this case, we deduct 15 points from the charity's Accountability and Transparency score. Partial Credit: There has been a diversion of assets within the last two years and the charity has used Schedule O on the Form 990 to explain: the nature of the diversion, the amount of money or property involved and the corrective action taken to address the matter. Naming and recognition opportunities are available for leadership level donations. 27 He was succeeded as CEO by Mark Van Putten, who quickly shut down the Corporate Conservation Council and generally returned the NWF to more of its traditional sportsmens conservation club role. How is your organization collecting feedback from the people you serve? ? National Wildlife Federation and our partners have had to, and continue to, make calibrations that accommodate local realities and demonstrate a public health sensitivity in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most compelling nature images can help protect wildlife in profound ways. # # # Contacts: Joe Dickie Accenture +1 512 694 6422 joseph.r.dickie@accenture.com NWF gives voice to the wildlife conservation valu . Note: The organization responded that it does not share feedback. Many of the changes at the organization are more about retention and employee health, both physical and mental. National average is 11,281 US$. Fundraising expenses can include campaign printing, publicity, mailing, and staffing and costs incurred in soliciting donations, memberships, and grants. BAKER: So in 2006, a farmer named Shikharam Chaudhary was apprehended by forest rangers at Chitwan. Complexe Galaxy. VDOMDHTML BARCELONA, Spain (AP) Spain's referees gathered in Madrid on Thursday to defend their profession in the wake of a scandal involving Barcelona's payment of millions of dollars over. Culture & Values. We help senior leadership understand how to be inclusive leaders with learning approaches that emphasize reflection, iteration, and adaptability. However, that can change quickly, and this page allows employees, citizens and consumers to share information on NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION they are privy to, and expose any/all wrongdoings. The nonprofit has an opportunity to tell the story of how the organization adapted to tremendous external changes in the last year. You're faster than our page! During round 1 of the paycheck protection program, NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION requested a PPP loan for 6029807 USD. We also recognize the cost of living through these challenging times is having on our employees. This chart displays the trend of revenue and expenses over the past several years for this organization, as reported on their IRS Form 990. Determines how long a charity could sustain its level of spending using its net available assets, or working capital, as reported on its most recently filed Form 990. NYC Students Showcase Their Ideas for Creating Resilient Schools & Communities. BAKER: So it differs. They are not the kingpins at the top that are the reason why it's a billion-dollar industry. National Wildlife Federation has launched a comprehensive campaign to help save the monarch, and there are many ways you can get involved. Over the next 30 years, we're taking steps to reverse wildlife population declines and increase their numbers. 34. In the fall of 2008 I was e-mailed by the National Wildlife Federation with an offer to send National Wildlife Federation Blankets to me by Christmas 2008 to be used as presents for my daughter and son in law. See the metrics below for more information. In 2019 he wrote, In my job interview with the NWF board, I warned that the climate crisis was the greatest threat to life, and if they did not want to focus on the climate crisis, Please dont hire me.29. The looting of the Covid relief plan known as PPP, 22 people charged in connection with a multi-million dollar Paycheck Protection Program fraud scheme, Small Businesses Are Being Hit by PPP Loan Scams, 15% of Paycheck Protection Program Loans Could Be Fraudulent, Study Shows, Man Passes Out After Hes Found Guilty of PPP Loan Fraud, Cape Coral woman pleads guilty to PPP loan fraud, accused of using money for a pool, PPP Loan Scams: 900 open criminal investigations, 100 arrested so far, Bank Fraud Involving PPP Loans Could Lead to Prison Time, Even for Relatively Small Advances, Money from the COVID Paycheck Protection Program was allegedly largely misspent, Florida Man Charged With PPP Loan Fraud After Allegedly Misusing Millions To Buy Luxury Goods. 9 10, The National Wildlife Federation was founded in 1936 by hunters and fishermen, sportsmen, outdoor enthusiasts, farmers, gardeners and others with an interest in wildlife who came together during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt to create the General Wildlife Federation, which became the National Wildlife Federation in 1938. Progress in Responsible Tourism launches as the biannual publication of the International Centre for Responsible Tourism, with the objective of providing a record of how a wide range of stakeholders are taking responsibility for sustainable development. If the problem persists contact us. This has led to worry of widespread fraud (and a few highly-publicized cases of fraudulent PPP loan applications), and it has forced numerous federal agencies to turn their attention to combatting PPP loan fraud. NWF gives voice to the wildlife conservation valu (More)National Wildlife Federation's (NWF) mission is to inspire Americans to protect wildlife for our children's future. Under Schweiger, the NWFs long-time conservation focus took a back seat to promoting policies to limit commercial activity in the interest of combating climate change. 18, Hairs 14-year tenure dramatically changed the NWFs size and scope; his obituary in the Los Angeles Times credited him with transforming the group into the nations largest grass-roots environmental organization and a powerful lobbying force and said he changed the organization from something of a conservative sportsmens club to a 6-million-member group of activists focused on environmental reform. 19, In one of Hairs first major initiatives, the NWF launched its Corporate Conservation Council to encourage private enterprise to cooperate with conservation groups on a range of issues. 20 This made his tenure at the NWF controversial among more militant environmentalists, who viewed businesses as enemies instead of potential allies. Protecting these natural resources is a cause that has long united Americans from all walks of life and political stripes. We compute the average annual growth of program expenses using the following formula: [(Yn/Y0)(1/n)]-1, where Y0 is a charity's program expenses in the first year of the interval analyzed, Yn is the charity's program expenses in the most recent year, and n is the interval of years passed between Y0 and Yn. 43 The former lead environmental official in the administration of Delaware Governor Jack Markell (D-DE), OMara also led creation of the city of San Jose, Californias Green Vision, a 15-year plan for restructuring the city on environmentalist principles that would be replaced after seven years.